Neonatal Infanticide: Why do cows kill their own newborn babies?

A confusing and disturbing habit has been observed in several bovine (cattle & buffaloes) groups in the form of Neonatal Infanticide. Neonatal Infanticide refers to mammal’s habit, especially cows of killing their newborn babies.

Although it may appear illogical for a mother to kill her children, this unusual phenomenon has different theories about why cows kill their babies.

One commonly accepted theory states that cows kill their newborn babies due to stress-induced during the calving process. The calving process refers to the delivery of young babies (calves).

Cows have difficult and lengthy births of about several hours. It makes them nervous and disturbed to such an extent that they may harm or kill calves. Their poor maternal health, low nutrition, and environmental disruptions can all worsen the stress-induced behavior of cows.

Another theory describes the instinctive desire of cows to protect the herd (a large group of cows). The cow may see her calf (newborn baby) as weak or unwell showing a risk to the overall well-being and survival of the herd.

Hence, the cow may assume she protects the other herd members by killing the weak calf. This action may be related to the cow’s inherent urge to ensure the survival of her strongest calves.

In addition, hormonal abnormalities or disruptions may contribute to Neonatal Infanticide. Changes in hormone levels, such as oxytocin can influence a cow’s behavior toward her calves. Oxytocin is essential for the mother relationship and breastfeeding

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So, abnormalities in these hormonal systems might contribute to a cow’s inability to bond with her newborn resulting in harm or death of calves.

However, it is significant to note that Neonatal Infanticide in cows is extremely uncommon as not all cows commit this action. Proper management techniques can help lower the possibility of newborn calves killing. Regular veterinarian care, nutrition, and a stress-free calving environment are necessary to avoid newborn harm or death.

Understanding the root causes and applying preventative actions can result in healthier and more harmonious cow communities.